Biotech & Genetics · Recorded milestone
DNA sequencing
Recorded year1977
Fred Sanger's chain-termination method reads DNA letter by letter.
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Led to
- FASTA sequence formatRecorded · 1985enables
- Gene therapyRecorded · 1990requires
- DNA microarrayRecorded · 1995requires
- GM cropsRecorded · 1996requires
- HIV combination therapyRecorded · 1996requires
- Human genome sequencedRecorded · 2003enables
- MetagenomicsRecorded · 2004enables
- Modified mRNARecorded · 2005requires
- OptogeneticsRecorded · 2005requires
- DNA origamiRecorded · 2006requires
- Induced stem cellsRecorded · 2006requires
- CRISPR gene editingRecorded · 2012requires
- Hepatitis C cureRecorded · 2013requires
- Plant-based meatRecorded · 2016requires
- Lipid nanoparticle drugsRecorded · 2018requires
- Engineered-phage patient treatment reportRecorded · 2019influences
- AlphaFoldRecorded · 2020requires
- Mitochondrial donationRecorded · 2023requires
Sources & evidence
Dataset updated 2026-10-18. This individual record has not been separately re-reviewed.