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Materials & Manufacturing · Recorded milestone

Graphene

Recorded year2004

Geim and Novoselov isolate one-atom-thick carbon sheets with sticky tape.

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Built on

Carbon nanotubesRecorded · 1991enables

Led to

2D-material microprocessorRecorded · 2025enables
Low-energy desalinationForecast · ~2032enables
2D-material transistorsForecast · ~2040enables
Cheap bulk graphene and nanotubesForecast · ~2040enables
Space elevatorForecast · ~2095enables

Sources & evidence

Additional source

Dataset updated 2026-10-18. This individual record has not been separately re-reviewed.