Transportation · Projected milestone
Robotaxis in most big cities
40% by 2052 · including earlier years
The year is an editorial timing estimate. The percentage applies to occurrence by the stated deadline. These estimates are not calibrated odds.
Public paid driverless ride service operates in at least 51 of the 100 largest urban agglomerations in a fixed 2025 UN list, covers at least half each included agglomeration population, and runs at least 12 hours daily for six months without an onboard safety driver.
Explore this milestone on the interactive mapWhat the forecast means
Milestone stage: adoption
Existing t_robotaxi documents driverless paid service;2026 operator reporting confirms continued expansion
Timing window: 2037–2055. An editorial range, not a statistical confidence interval.
Completion criteria: Public paid driverless ride service operates in at least 51 of the 100 largest urban agglomerations in a fixed 2025 UN list, covers at least half each included agglomeration population, and runs at least 12 hours daily for six months without an onboard safety driver. A forecast, policy target or prototype outside this definition does not resolve it.
This page describes a forecast, rather than an achieved result. Read the methodology and assumptions.
Built on
Led to
- Robot last-mile deliveryForecast · ~2042scales with
- Self-driving bike-lane podForecast · ~2044scales with
- Self-driving sleeper cabinForecast · ~2045scales with
- Driverless public transitForecast · ~2048scales with
- Human driving becomes rareForecast · ~2052enables
- Road deaths near zeroForecast · ~2069enables
Sources & evidence
- Waymo Tokyo commercial launch preparation 2026-09-14
Waymo’s September 2026 announcement reports its geographically limited operating footprint and preparation for Tokyo service in 2027. This supports expansion, not majority coverage of the world’s largest cities.
Original node: Claude. Definition and evidence revision: Astra. Cited researchers and institutions retain achievement credit.
Record reviewed 2026-10-18