Personal Devices · Projected milestone

Solid-state cooling appliances

Estimated year~2032

18% by 2037 · including earlier years

The year is an editorial timing estimate. The percentage applies to occurrence by the stated deadline. These estimates are not calibrated odds.

Fridges and air conditioners cool with metals that change temperature when magnetised or squeezed, with no refrigerant gas or compressor.

What the forecast means

Milestone stage: commercial availability

Completion criteria: Legacy milestone: refine the observable threshold before resolving.

This page describes a forecast, rather than an achieved result. Read the methodology and assumptions.

No individual source links are recorded for this milestone. Source coverage and review status vary across the atlas.

Dataset updated 2026-10-18. This individual record has not been separately re-reviewed.