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Cybersecurity & Cryptography · Recorded milestone

Passkeys

Recorded year2022

Apple, Google and Microsoft adopt FIDO passkeys to replace passwords.

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Built on

Public-key cryptographyRecorded · 1976enables
Cloud computingRecorded · 2006requires
Two-factor loginRecorded · 2011enables

Led to

Digital identity walletsForecast · ~2027enables
Hardware key for your AI agentsForecast · ~2027enables
Passwords phased outForecast · ~2030enables

Sources & evidence

Additional source

Dataset updated 2026-10-18. This individual record has not been separately re-reviewed.