Chemicals · Recorded milestone
Metal-organic frameworks
Recorded year1999
Omar Yaghi's sponge-like crystals have enormous internal surface area.
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Led to
- Water from airRecorded · 2017enables
- Desiccant air conditionersForecast · ~2030enables
- Desert towns watered from airForecast · ~2031enables
- Direct air capture at scaleForecast · ~2033enables
- Waste-heat MOF chillersForecast · ~2043enables
- Bottle that fills itself from the airForecast · ~2053enables
- Cities supplied from the airForecast · ~2058enables
- Programmed self-assemblyForecast · ~2070enables
Sources & evidence
Dataset updated 2026-10-18. This individual record has not been separately re-reviewed.